Cost Disadvantages of Expanding the Nuclear Power Industry Review of Nuclear Power. Despite thirty years of development and billions of dollars in subsidies, the Canadian nuclear industry is floundering. According to the draft report of an internal government review, it is doubtful whether the nuclear industry will survive the 1. Hmmm, the advantages of an interview is that it seems to tell the interviewer a lot more about you than by filling in forms, because a form has set. Desy Kriswintari Science Dual Degree Program The Advantages and Disadvantages of Eating Fast Food Eating is one of the humans activities that it is enjoyable. Domestic markets for CANDU reactors have evaporated See Chart I. Chart 1 Canadas Nuclear Capacity Projected to 2. AD. a Each point on this graph represents an official published projection of estimated nuclear capacity by the year 2. The great expectations of 1. Social-media_011.png' alt='Disadvantages Program Direct' title='Disadvantages Program Direct' />Since then, the Energy, Mines Resources EMR internal review has estimated less than 2. MW installed by 2. Update In 1. 99. MW, of which 4,8. MW has been ordered shut down, leaving 9,3. MW available about 13 of the lowest projection recommendation indicated on this graph, and far less than the confirmed capacity in 1. Leonard and Partners, 1. Ontario 1. 97. 8 for Ontario Leonard and Partners 1. Canada. Source Canadian Renewable Energy News, 1. Without strong government action, virtually all firms in the industry will be without nuclear business by 1. How to Get a PhD. A PhD, short for Doctor of Philosophy, may help you secure a position as a college or university professor, a researcher in a government. Consolidation Loans combine several student or parent loans into one bigger loan from a single lender, which is then used to pay off the balances on the other loans. Even the most optimistic scenario indicates that the current structure of the industry cannot be maintained in the 1. Export markets are also soft. To sell CANDUs abroad in the face of fierce competition, the Canadian government must be prepared to loan billions of dollars to Mexico or Egypt at highly subsidized interest rates of about 7. Such terms will, in effect, amount to a 2. Canada, who are meanwhile being told to tighten their belts to fight inflation. Yet despite these expensive incentives, overseas sales, by themselves, cannot save the nuclear industry from ultimate collapse 3. The question facing decision makers is how can Canada maintain the nuclear option through the 1. Bloomers_Info.png' alt='Disadvantages Program Direct' title='Disadvantages Program Direct' />It will be very costly in both financial and political terms for Ottawa to promote the building of more CANDU reactors in the absence of a market, as urged by the nuclear lobby and there is no guarantee of success. It is quite possible that the domestic and export outlook will not improve, and the same problem will have to be faced once again in several years 3. There is a less costly way to proceed. It is possible to preserve the nuclear option without building more reactors, while achieving a number of important objectives in both the nuclear and non nuclear fields. Phinea And Ferb Christmas Vacation. Get answers to frequent questions about flex fuel cars, how a flex fuel engine works, and the pros and cons of flex fuel vehicles. TABLE OF CONTENTS power in Canada today. The fact that Ontario Hydro generates one third of its power from nuclear stations is indeed impressive. The fact that Ontarios reactors have outperformed most other reactors in the world is also impressive. However, the annual fuel saving attributed to its nuclear program by Ontario Hydro would barely suffice to pay the annual operating budgets of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited AECL and the Atomic Energy Control Board AECB, both of which come from the federal treasury. Moreover, it must be realized that Ontario Hydro is currently experiencing 4. Table 1, steadily declining load forecasts Table 2 and a 1. These circumstances make the nuclear contribution seem less impressive. Table 1. Ontario Hydro Overcapacity above Peak Demandin Megawatts1. Peak capacity. 19,6. Peak demand. 15,8. Overcapacity. 24 3. Includes 5. 50 MW mothballed. Includes 1,7. 04 MW mothballed. Source Ontario Hydro Annual Reports. Table 2. Ontario Hydro Peak Load Forecasts to Year 2. Percentage per yearYear. Forecastover 7 6. Source Ontario Hydro Annual Reports. Based on current load forecasts, no new nuclear stations in Ontario would be justified for the remainder of this century 6. Quebec and New Brunswick, the only other provinces with CANDU reactors under construction, find themselves in a similar situation 3. In November 1. 98. Hydro Quebec announced it was postponing for at least ten years any consideration of further nuclear plants in the province. With 1. 4,0. 00 megawatts MW of undeveloped hydro potential and enormous opportunities in the field of industrial cogeneration, Ontario Hydro could meet projected load growth well into the twenty first century without building additional nuclear stations. Alternatively, aggressive energy conservation measures could halt and possibly even reverse load growth in the next few decades 2. The price tag of a new nuclear station such as Darlington may exceed 1. Does it make sense to build such plants now, when they are not needed, in order to meet a probable but far from certain domestic demand for nuclear energy in the 1. Would it not be preferable to wait and see what that future demand is likely to beAt present, nuclear power contributes surprisingly little to Canadas energy supply only 1. See Chart II. Chart II Canadas Secondary a Energy Consumption by Fuel Type 1. Source. Norm Rubin, What Keeps Us From Freezing in the DarkA Breakdown of Canadas Secondary a. Energy Consumption by Fuel TypeToronto Energy Probe, 1. Statistics Canada data. Notes. a Secondary Energy refers to energy delivered to the consumer. Nuclear power contributes three times as much primary energy, but since more than two thirds of this energy is wasted, it is not reflected in these figures. Direct woodpulp available to the B. C. pulp and paper industry only. Despite the modesty of its contribution, however, the CANDU program has consistently commanded the lions share of federal funds for energy research and development Table 3. Table 3. Federal Energy Research and Development ExpendituresMillions of DollarsYear. Half Life Maps Crossfire. Total. 12. 0. 5. 11. Nuclear 9. 0. 3 8. Source Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa. Because of the billions of tax dollars already spent on nuclear technology, Ottawa feels it cannot afford to let the industry collapse. As recently as April 1. Ottawa forgave 8. AECL a technically bankrupt crown corporation. Ottawa should realize that the nuclear industry may be destined to fail despite heroic efforts to prop it up. Building more reactors now might just make the ultimate collapse all the more devastating. TABLE OF CONTENTS as an option. Since 1. 97. 7, the Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility has been calling for a moratorium on further expansion of the nuclear industry in Canada. The proposed moratorium would be coupled with a diversion of investment capital now slated for nuclear facilities into community based energy conservation programs. The call for a moratorium has since been echoed by hundreds of other bodies throughout Canada, including the Ontario Royal Commission on Electric Power Planning, pending a solution to the problem of radioactive waste disposal 6. Meanwhile, careful economic analysis has shown that energy conservation measures will cost less money, have a less inflationary effect on the economy, and provide quicker and more lasting remedies for our energy ills than comparable investments in nuclear power plants or any other large scale energy supply facilities. At least one U. S. Thus, electricity demand might well decline in absolute terms as the heating market shrinks due to successful conservation measures. Ottawa has refused to consider the non expansion option seriously. Ottawa has not recognized that the main opportunity cost associated with a policy of nuclear expansion will be our resulting inability to make comparable investments in energy efficiency because of capital unavailability.